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CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
Wednesday, November 2, 2016
Highlighted Article: Nanomaterials for Neurology: State-of-the-Art
Nanomaterials for Neurology: State-of-the-Art
Author(s):
María Fernanda Veloz-Castillo, Rachel M. West, Jessica Cordero-Arreola, Oscar Arias-Carrión and Miguel A. Méndez-Rojas Pages 1306 - 1324 ( 19 )
Abstract:
Despite the numerous challenges associated with the application of nanotechnology in neuroscience, it promises to have a significant impact on our understanding of how the nervous system works, how it fails in disease, and the development of earlier and less-invasive diagnostic procedures so we can intervene in the pre-clinical stage of neurological disease before extensive neurological damage has taken place. Ultimately, both the challenges and opportunities that nanotechnology presents stem from the fact that this technology provides a way to interact with neural cells at the molecular level. In this review we provide a neurobiological overview of key neurological disorders, describe the different types of nanomaterials in use and discuss their current and potential uses in neuroscience. We also discuss the issue of toxicity in these nanomaterials. This review presents many of the different applications that advances in nanotechnology are having in the field of neurological sciences, especially the high impact they are having in the development of new treatment modalities for neurological disorders that will induce the expected physiological response while minimizing undesirable secondary effects. In conclusion, we weigh in on what the promises and challenges are for future development in this groundbreaking field.
Keywords:
Nanomaterials, neurology, neuroscience, nanotechnology.
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Santa Catarina Mártir, San Andrés Cholula, 72820, Puebla, México.
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Tuesday, October 25, 2016
Most Cited Article: Citrus Peel Extract Attenuates Acute Cyanide Poisoning-Induced Seizures and Oxidative Stress in Rats
Citrus Peel Extract Attenuates Acute Cyanide Poisoning-Induced Seizures and Oxidative Stress in Rats
Author(s):
Ahmed E. Abdel MoneimPages 638-646 (9)
Abstract:
The primary aimed of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of methanolic extract of citrus peel (MECP) on acute cyanide (KCN) poisoning-induced seizures and oxidative stress in rats. The intraperitoneal LD50 value of KCN (6.3 mg/Kg bwt), based on 24 hrs mortality, was significantly increased by 9, 52 or 113% by oral administration of MECP (500 mg/Kg bwt) pre-administered for 1, 2 and 3 days, respectively, in rats in a time-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal injection of the sublethal dose of KCN (3 mg/Kg bwt) into rats increased, 24 hrs later, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), glutamate levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex. KCN also decreased brain glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in these animals. Pre-treatment of rats with MECP inhibited KCN-induced increases in LPO, NO, and glutamate levels and AChE activity as well as decreases in brain GSH level and SOD and CAT activities. In addition, KCN significantly decreased norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin levels in different brain regions which were resolved by MECP. From the present results, it can be concluded that the neuroprotective effects of MECP against KCN-induced seizures and oxidative stress may be due to the inhibition of oxidative stress overproduction and maintenance of antioxidant defense mechanisms.
Keywords:
Antioxidants, citrus peel, oxidative stress, potassium cyanide, seizures.
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
Author(s):
Ahmed E. Abdel MoneimPages 638-646 (9)
Abstract:
The primary aimed of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of methanolic extract of citrus peel (MECP) on acute cyanide (KCN) poisoning-induced seizures and oxidative stress in rats. The intraperitoneal LD50 value of KCN (6.3 mg/Kg bwt), based on 24 hrs mortality, was significantly increased by 9, 52 or 113% by oral administration of MECP (500 mg/Kg bwt) pre-administered for 1, 2 and 3 days, respectively, in rats in a time-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal injection of the sublethal dose of KCN (3 mg/Kg bwt) into rats increased, 24 hrs later, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), glutamate levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex. KCN also decreased brain glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in these animals. Pre-treatment of rats with MECP inhibited KCN-induced increases in LPO, NO, and glutamate levels and AChE activity as well as decreases in brain GSH level and SOD and CAT activities. In addition, KCN significantly decreased norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin levels in different brain regions which were resolved by MECP. From the present results, it can be concluded that the neuroprotective effects of MECP against KCN-induced seizures and oxidative stress may be due to the inhibition of oxidative stress overproduction and maintenance of antioxidant defense mechanisms.
Keywords:
Antioxidants, citrus peel, oxidative stress, potassium cyanide, seizures.
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wednesday, October 19, 2016
Podcast on Fish Oil has Beneficial Effects on Behavior Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Rats Subjected to a Hepatic Encephalopathy Model
Podcast Fish Oil has Beneficial Effects on Behavior Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Rats Subjected to a Hepatic Encephalopathy Model
